Active & Passive Voice: Conversion Rules, and Pronoun Table

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What is Voice?

Voice shows whether the subject of a sentence performs an action or receives it.

There are two voices:

Type	Meaning	Example
Active Voice	The subject does the action.	The teacher teaches English.
Passive Voice	The subject receives the action.	English is taught by the teacher.

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Active and Passive Structures (General Rule)

Active Structure	Passive Structure
Subject + Verb + Object	Object + (be form) + V3 + (by + subject)

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Pronoun Change Table

When converting Active → Passive, pronouns must change:

Active Pronoun (Subject)	Passive Pronoun (Object)
I	me
We	us
You	you
He	him
She	her
They	them
It	it
Aadil (Any name)	Aadil (remains same)

Example:

• Active: She helps me.
• Passive: I am helped by her.

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Tense-wise Rules (All 12 Tenses) — With Examples

Tense	Structure (Active → Passive)	Example
Simple Present	am/is/are + V3	They write letters. → Letters are written by them.
Present Continuous	am/is/are + being + V3	She is cooking food. → Food is being cooked by her.
Present Perfect	has/have been + V3	He has done the work. → The work has been done by him.
Present Perfect Continuous	❌ Not used	(No passive form)
Simple Past	was/were + V3	He cleaned the room. → The room was cleaned by him.
Past Continuous	was/were + being + V3	They were playing football. → Football was being played by them.
Past Perfect	had been + V3	She had written a letter. → A letter had been written by her.
Past Perfect Continuous	❌ Not used	(No passive form)
Simple Future	will/shall be + V3	I will help him. → He will be helped by me.
Future Continuous	❌ No passive form	(No passive form)
Future Perfect	will/shall have been + V3	She will have finished work. → Work will have been finished by her.

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Passive of Modal Verbs

Structure: Modal + be + V3

Active Sentence	Passive Sentence
She can solve the problem.	The problem can be solved by her.
You must obey rules.	Rules must be obeyed.
They should help the poor.	The poor should be helped by them.

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Passive Voice in Imperatives (Commands)

Type	Rule	Example
Simple Order	Let + object + be + V3	Open the door. → Let the door be opened.
Polite Request	You are requested to + V1	Please sit down. → You are requested to sit down.
Advice	You are advised to + V1	Work hard. → You are advised to work hard.

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Passive Voice in Questions

Yes/No Questions

Active	Passive
Did he break the glass?	Was the glass broken by him?
Does she help you?	Are you helped by her?

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Wh-Questions

Rule: Keep the Wh-word first, then passive structure.

Active	Passive
Who wrote this book?	By whom was this book written?
Why did she punish him?	Why was he punished by her?
When will they announce the result?	When will the result be announced?

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Important Notes

✔ Only transitive verbs (verbs with an object) can be made passive.
❌ Intransitive verbs (come, go, sleep, die) cannot be used in passive.

Examples:

• He slept. (❌ No passive)
• She came late. (❌ No passive)

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Passive Voice of Infinitives & Gerunds

Active	Passive
I want to help her.	I want her to be helped.
The teacher likes teaching students.	Students like being taught by the teacher.

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Words Commonly Added or Removed in Passive:

Active Word	Passive Equivalent
people say	it is said
they believe	it is believed
we expect	it is expected
someone	— (removed if unknown)

Example:

• People say he is honest.
  → It is said that he is honest.

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Quick Active → Passive Summary

Active Voice	Passive Voice
The cat chased the rat.	The rat was chased by the cat.
They will finish the project.	The project will be finished by them.
He is painting the wall.	The wall is being painted by him.

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