The Nobel Prize is a prestigious international award presented annually to individuals or organisations who have made outstanding contributions in the fields of:

• Physics
• Chemistry
• Physiology or Medicine
• Literature
• Peace
• Economic Sciences (added in 1969)

The awards were established as per the will of Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist and inventor of dynamite.

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Important Dates Related to the Nobel Prize

Event	Date
Alfred Nobel’s Birth	21 October 1833
Alfred Nobel’s Death	10 December 1896
First Nobel Prize Awarded	1901
Nobel Prize Ceremony Each Year	10 December
Announcement of Winners	First two weeks of October every year

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Places Associated with Nobel Prizes

Place	Significance
Stockholm, Sweden	Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Economics are awarded here.
Oslo, Norway	Nobel Peace Prize is awarded here.

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Nobel Prize Winners 2025

Category	Winners 2025	Contribution / Achievement
Physics	John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, John M. Martinis	Discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in electric circuits.
Chemistry	Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, Omar M. Yaghi	Development of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs).
Physiology or Medicine	Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, Shimon Sakaguchi	Discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance.
Literature	László Krasznahorkai	For visionary and artistic contribution to modern literature.
Peace	María Corina Machado	For efforts toward democratic rights and peaceful political transition in Venezuela.
Economic Sciences	Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, Peter Howitt	For research on innovation-driven economic growth based on the theory of creative destruction.

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Complete list of Indian / India-Origin Nobel Prize Winners.

Year	Laureate	Category	Achievement / Contribution
1913	Rabindranath Tagore	Literature	First Indian and first Asian Nobel Laureate; awarded for Gitanjali and literary works.
1930	C. V. Raman	Physics	Discovered the Raman Effect related to scattering of light.
1968	Har Gobind Khorana	Medicine	Research on genetic code and protein synthesis.
1979	Mother Teresa	Peace	Humanitarian work for poor and sick in India.
1983	Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar	Physics	Research on structure and evolution of stars, including the Chandrasekhar Limit.
1998	Amartya Sen	Economic Sciences	Contributions to welfare economics and social justice studies.
2009	Venkatraman Ramakrishnan	Chemistry	Studies on ribosome structure and function.
2014	Kailash Satyarthi	Peace	Work against child labour and for children’s rights.
2019	Abhijit Banerjee	Economic Sciences	Experimental research on reducing global poverty.

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Quick Exam Revision Facts

• The Nobel Prize started in 1901.
• Total 6 categories are awarded today.
• Economic Sciences is not part of Alfred Nobel’s original will.
• Rabindranath Tagore was the first Asian to receive the Nobel Prize.
• Nobel Peace Prize is the only award given in Norway, all others in Sweden.

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Possible One-Line Questions

Question	Answer
Who invented the Nobel Prize?	Alfred Nobel
When was the first Nobel Prize awarded?	1901
Who was the first Indian Nobel Prize winner?	Rabindranath Tagore
Where is the Nobel Peace Prize awarded?	Oslo, Norway
When are Nobel winners announced every year?	In October
Which field was added later in 1969?	Economic Sciences

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