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Nobel Prize 2025: Winners, History, First Indian Laureates & Key Facts

The Nobel Prize is a prestigious international award presented annually to individuals or organisations who have made outstanding contributions in the fields of:

  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Physiology or Medicine
  • Literature
  • Peace
  • Economic Sciences (added in 1969)

The awards were established as per the will of Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist and inventor of dynamite.

Important Dates Related to the Nobel Prize

EventDate
Alfred Nobel’s Birth21 October 1833
Alfred Nobel’s Death10 December 1896
First Nobel Prize Awarded1901
Nobel Prize Ceremony Each Year10 December
Announcement of WinnersFirst two weeks of October every year
Places Associated with Nobel Prizes
PlaceSignificance
Stockholm, SwedenNobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Economics are awarded here.
Oslo, NorwayNobel Peace Prize is awarded here.
Nobel Prize Winners 2025
CategoryWinners 2025Contribution / Achievement
PhysicsJohn Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, John M. MartinisDiscovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in electric circuits.
ChemistrySusumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, Omar M. YaghiDevelopment of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs).
Physiology or MedicineMary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, Shimon SakaguchiDiscoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance.
LiteratureLászló KrasznahorkaiFor visionary and artistic contribution to modern literature.
PeaceMaría Corina MachadoFor efforts toward democratic rights and peaceful political transition in Venezuela.
Economic SciencesJoel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, Peter HowittFor research on innovation-driven economic growth based on the theory of creative destruction.
Complete list of Indian / India-Origin Nobel Prize Winners.
YearLaureateCategoryAchievement / Contribution
1913Rabindranath TagoreLiteratureFirst Indian and first Asian Nobel Laureate; awarded for Gitanjali and literary works.
1930C. V. RamanPhysicsDiscovered the Raman Effect related to scattering of light.
1968Har Gobind KhoranaMedicineResearch on genetic code and protein synthesis.
1979Mother TeresaPeaceHumanitarian work for poor and sick in India.
1983Subrahmanyan ChandrasekharPhysicsResearch on structure and evolution of stars, including the Chandrasekhar Limit.
1998Amartya SenEconomic SciencesContributions to welfare economics and social justice studies.
2009Venkatraman RamakrishnanChemistryStudies on ribosome structure and function.
2014Kailash SatyarthiPeaceWork against child labour and for children’s rights.
2019Abhijit BanerjeeEconomic SciencesExperimental research on reducing global poverty.
Quick Exam Revision Facts
  • The Nobel Prize started in 1901.
  • Total 6 categories are awarded today.
  • Economic Sciences is not part of Alfred Nobel’s original will.
  • Rabindranath Tagore was the first Asian to receive the Nobel Prize.
  • Nobel Peace Prize is the only award given in Norway, all others in Sweden.
Possible One-Line Questions
QuestionAnswer
Who invented the Nobel Prize?Alfred Nobel
When was the first Nobel Prize awarded?1901
Who was the first Indian Nobel Prize winner?Rabindranath Tagore
Where is the Nobel Peace Prize awarded?Oslo, Norway
When are Nobel winners announced every year?In October
Which field was added later in 1969?Economic Sciences

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